The mapanelo dzuwa Mphamvu kupanga mfundo

Dzuwa limawalira pamphambano ya PN ya semiconductor, ndikupanga peyala yatsopano ya ma elekitironi. Pansi pa ntchito ya magetsi a PN mp3, dzenje limayenda kuchokera kudera la P kupita ku dera la N, ndipo electron imachokera ku dera la N kupita ku dera la P. Pamene dera likugwirizanitsidwa, panopa imapangidwa. Umu ndi momwe photoelectric effect solar cell imagwirira ntchito.

Mphamvu ya dzuwa Pali mitundu iwiri yopangira mphamvu ya dzuwa, imodzi ndi njira yosinthira magetsi-kutentha-kutentha, ina ndi njira yosinthira magetsi.

(1) Njira yosinthira magetsi a kutentha kwa kuwala imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yotentha yomwe imapangidwa ndi cheza cha dzuwa kuti ipange magetsi. Nthawi zambiri, mphamvu yotentha yotentha imasinthidwa kukhala nthunzi ya sing'anga yogwirira ntchito ndi chotengera cha solar, ndiyeno turbine ya nthunzi imayendetsedwa kuti ipange magetsi. Njira yakale ndiyo kutembenuka kwa kutentha kwa kuwala; Njira yotsirizayi ndi kutentha - kutembenuka kwa magetsi.

(2) Mphamvu ya photoelectric imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutembenuza mphamvu ya dzuwa kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi. Chipangizo choyambirira cha kutembenuka kwa photoelectric ndi selo la dzuwa. Solar cell ndi chipangizo chomwe chimasintha mwachindunji mphamvu ya kuwala kwa dzuwa kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi chifukwa cha photogeneration volt effect. Ndi semiconductor photodiode. Dzuwa likawalira pa photodiode, photodiode imatembenuza mphamvu ya dzuwa kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi ndikupanga zamakono. Maselo ambiri akalumikizidwa motsatizana kapena mofananira, masikweya angapo a ma cell a solar okhala ndi mphamvu zotulutsa zambiri amatha kupangidwa.

Pakalipano, crystalline silicon (kuphatikizapo polysilicon ndi monocrystalline silicon) ndizofunika kwambiri za photovoltaic, gawo lake la msika ndiloposa 90%, ndipo m'tsogolomu kwa nthawi yaitali zidzakhalabe zipangizo zamakono zamaselo a dzuwa.

Kwa nthawi yayitali, ukadaulo wopangira zida za polysilicon ukuwongoleredwa ndi mafakitale a 10 amakampani a 7 m'maiko atatu, monga United States, Japan ndi Germany, ndikupanga kutsekereza kwaukadaulo komanso kugulitsa msika.

Kufunika kwa polysilicon makamaka kumachokera ku semiconductors ndi ma cell a solar. Malingana ndi zofunikira zosiyana za chiyero, zogawidwa mumagulu amagetsi ndi msinkhu wa dzuwa. Pakati pawo, polysilicon yamagetsi yamagetsi imakhala pafupifupi 55%, ma solar level polysilicon amawerengera 45%.

Ndi KUPULUKA kwachangu kwa makampani a PHOTOVOLTAIC, kufunikira kwa polysilicon m'maselo a solar kukukula mwachangu kuposa kukula kwa semiconductor polysilicon, ndipo akuyembekezeka kuti kufunikira kwa solar polysilicon kupitilira kuchuluka kwa polysilicon yamagetsi pofika chaka cha 2008.

Mu 1994, kuchuluka kwa ma cell a solar padziko lonse lapansi kunali 69MW, koma mu 2004 kunali pafupi ndi 1200MW, kuwonjezeka kwa 17 m'zaka 10 zokha. Akatswiri amaneneratu kuti mafakitale a solar photovoltaic adzaposa mphamvu za nyukiliya monga imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zamphamvu mu theka loyamba la zaka za 21st.