Mfundo yopangira magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito ma solar panels

Dzuwa limawala pa malo olumikizirana a PN, ndikupanga ma elekitironi atsopano. Pansi pa mphamvu ya magetsi ya malo olumikizirana a PN, dzenjelo limatuluka kuchokera ku dera la PN kupita ku dera la N, ndipo elekitironi imatuluka kuchokera ku dera la N kupita ku dera la P. Pamene derali lalumikizidwa, mphamvu yamagetsi imapangidwa. Umu ndi momwe maselo a dzuwa a photoelectric effect amagwirira ntchito.

Kupanga mphamvu ya dzuwa Pali mitundu iwiri ya kupanga mphamvu ya dzuwa, imodzi ndi njira yosinthira kuwala-kutentha-magetsi, ina ndi njira yosinthira kuwala-magetsi mwachindunji.

(1) Njira yosinthira kuwala-kutentha-magetsi imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya kutentha yopangidwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa kuti ipange magetsi. Kawirikawiri, mphamvu ya kutentha yomwe imayamwa imasinthidwa kukhala nthunzi ya malo ogwirira ntchito ndi chosonkhanitsa cha dzuwa, kenako turbine ya nthunzi imayendetsedwa kuti ipange magetsi. Njira yoyamba ndi njira yosinthira kuwala-kutentha; Njira yachiwiri ndi njira yosinthira kutentha-magetsi.

(2) Mphamvu ya photoelectric imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha mphamvu ya kuwala kwa dzuwa mwachindunji kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi. Chipangizo chachikulu cha kusintha kwa photoelectric ndi solar cell. Solar cell ndi chipangizo chomwe chimasintha mwachindunji mphamvu ya kuwala kwa dzuwa kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi chifukwa cha mphamvu ya photogeneration volt. Ndi semiconductor photodiode. Dzuwa likawala pa photodiode, photodiode idzasintha mphamvu ya kuwala kwa dzuwa kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi ndikupanga mphamvu yamagetsi. Maselo ambiri akalumikizidwa motsatizana kapena motsatizana, maselo a solar omwe ali ndi mphamvu yayikulu yotulutsa amatha kupangidwa.

Pakadali pano, silicon yopangidwa ndi kristalo (kuphatikiza polysilicon ndi monocrystalline silicon) ndiye zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa photovoltaic, gawo lake pamsika ndi loposa 90%, ndipo mtsogolomu kwa nthawi yayitali idzakhalabe zinthu zazikulu zama cell a dzuwa.

Kwa nthawi yayitali, ukadaulo wopanga zinthu za polysilicon wakhala ukulamulidwa ndi mafakitale 10 a makampani 7 m'maiko atatu, monga United States, Japan ndi Germany, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuletsa kwaukadaulo komanso kuletsa msika.

Kufunika kwa polysilicon makamaka kumachokera ku ma semiconductors ndi ma solar cells. Malinga ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana za kuyera, zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri: mulingo wamagetsi ndi mulingo wadzuwa. Pakati pawo, polysilicon yamagetsi imakhala pafupifupi 55%, polysilicon yamagetsi imakhala 45%.

Ndi kukula kwachangu kwa makampani opanga zinthu za photovoltaic, kufunika kwa polysilicon m'maselo a dzuwa kukukulirakulira mofulumira kuposa kukula kwa semiconductor polysilicon, ndipo akuyembekezeka kuti kufunika kwa polysilicon ya dzuwa kudzapitirira kuposa kwa polysilicon yamagetsi pofika chaka cha 2008.

Mu 1994, kupanga konse kwa maselo a dzuwa padziko lonse lapansi kunali 69MW yokha, koma mu 2004 kunali pafupifupi 1200MW, kuwonjezeka kwa 17 m'zaka 10 zokha. Akatswiri akulosera kuti makampani opanga mphamvu ya dzuwa adzaposa mphamvu ya nyukiliya monga imodzi mwa magwero ofunikira kwambiri a mphamvu mu theka loyamba la zaka za m'ma 2000.