Kapangidwe ka magetsi a dzuwa

Nyali ya udzu wa dzuwa ndi mtundu wa nyali yobiriwira yamphamvu, yomwe ili ndi makhalidwe a chitetezo, kusunga mphamvu, kuteteza chilengedwe komanso kukhazikitsa kosavuta.Nyali ya udzu ya dzuwa yosalowa madziZimapangidwa makamaka ndi gwero la kuwala, chowongolera, batire, gawo la maselo a dzuwa ndi thupi la nyali ndi zinthu zina. Pansi pa kuwala kwa kuwala, mphamvu yamagetsi imasungidwa mu batire kudzera mu selo la dzuwa, ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi ya batire imatumizidwa ku LED yonyamula katundu kudzera mu chowongolera pamene palibe kuwala. Ndi yoyenera kukongoletsa kuunikira kukongoletsa udzu wobiriwira m'madera okhala anthu komanso kukongoletsa udzu wa mapaki.

Seti yonse yanyali ya udzu ya dzuwadongosololi limaphatikizapo: gwero la kuwala, chowongolera, batire, zigawo za maselo a dzuwa ndi thupi la nyale.
Dzuwa likawala pa selo la dzuwa masana, selo la dzuwa limasintha mphamvu ya kuwala kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi ndikusunga mphamvu yamagetsi mu batire kudzera mu gawo lowongolera. Pambuyo pa mdima, mphamvu yamagetsi mu batire imapereka mphamvu ku gwero la nyali ya LED ya nyali ya udzu kudzera mu gawo lowongolera. Pamene kunacha m'mawa wotsatira, batire linasiya kupereka mphamvu ku gwero la nyali,magetsi a dzuwazinazima, ndipo ma solar cells anapitirizabe kuchaji batire. Chowongoleracho chimapangidwa ndi microcomputer yokhala ndi chip imodzi ndi sensa, ndipo chimayang'anira kutsegula ndi kutseka kwa gawo la gwero la kuwala kudzera mu kusonkhanitsa ndi kuweruza kwa chizindikiro cha kuwala. Thupi la nyali limagwira ntchito makamaka ngati chitetezo cha dongosolo ndi kukongoletsa masana kuti litsimikizire kuti dongosololi likugwira ntchito bwino. Pakati pawo, gwero la kuwala, chowongolera ndi batire ndi chinsinsi chodziwira momwe dongosolo la nyali ya udzu limagwirira ntchito. Chithunzi cha pivot cha dongosolo chikuwonetsedwa kumanja.
Batire ya dzuwa
1. Mtundu
Maselo a dzuwa amasintha mphamvu ya dzuwa kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi. Pali mitundu itatu ya maselo a dzuwa omwe ndi othandiza kwambiri: monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, ndi amorphous silicon.
(1) Magwiridwe antchito a ma cell a solar a monocrystalline silicon ndi okhazikika, ndipo ndi oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera akum'mwera komwe kumakhala mvula yambiri komanso kuwala kwa dzuwa sikukwanira.
(2) Njira yopangira maselo a dzuwa a polycrystalline silicon ndi yosavuta, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wotsika kuposa wa monocrystalline silicon. Ndi yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera akum'mawa ndi kumadzulo komwe kuli kuwala kokwanira kwa dzuwa komanso kuwala kwa dzuwa kwabwino.
(3) Maselo a solar a silicon amorphous ali ndi zofunikira zochepa pakuwunika kwa dzuwa, ndipo ndi oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo omwe kuwala kwa dzuwa panja sikukwanira.
2. Voltage yogwira ntchito
Mphamvu yamagetsi yogwira ntchito ya selo ya dzuwa ndi yowirikiza ka 1.5 mphamvu yamagetsi ya batri yofanana kuti batri iyambe kuyitanitsa bwino. Mwachitsanzo, ma solar cell a 4.0 ~ 5.4V amafunika kuti ayambe kuyitanitsa mabatire a 3.6V; ma solar cell a 8 ~ 9V amafunika kuti ayambe kuyitanitsa mabatire a 6V; ma solar cell a 15 ~ 18V amafunika kuti ayambe kuyitanitsa mabatire a 12V.
3. Mphamvu yotulutsa
Mphamvu yotulutsa pa gawo lililonse la selo la dzuwa ndi pafupifupi 127 Wp/m2. Selo la dzuwa nthawi zambiri limapangidwa ndi maselo angapo a solar unit olumikizidwa motsatizana, ndipo mphamvu yake imadalira mphamvu yonse yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi gwero la kuwala, zigawo zotumizira mzere, ndi mphamvu ya kuwala kwa dzuwa yakomweko. Mphamvu yotulutsa ya batri ya dzuwa iyenera kupitirira nthawi 3-5 ya mphamvu ya gwero la kuwala, ndipo iyenera kukhala nthawi zoposa (3-4) m'malo omwe ali ndi kuwala kochuluka komanso nthawi yochepa yowunikira; apo ayi, iyenera kukhala nthawi zoposa (4-5).
batire yosungiramo zinthu
Batire imasunga mphamvu yamagetsi kuchokera ku ma solar panels pamene pali kuwala, ndipo imaitulutsa pamene kuwala kukufunika usiku.
1. Mtundu
(1) Batire ya lead-acid (CS): Imagwiritsidwa ntchito potulutsa mphamvu zochepa kutentha kwambiri komanso mphamvu zochepa, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi magetsi ambiri amisewu a dzuwa. Chisindikizocho sichimakonzedwa ndipo mtengo wake ndi wotsika. Komabe, chisamaliro chiyenera kuperekedwa kuti tipewe kuipitsidwa kwa lead-acid ndipo chiyenera kuthetsedwa pang'onopang'ono.
(2) Batire yosungiramo zinthu ya nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd): kuchuluka kwa kutulutsa madzi, kutentha kochepa, nthawi yayitali, kugwiritsa ntchito pang'ono kwa makina, koma kusamala kuyenera kutengedwa kuti kupewe kuipitsa kwa cadmium.
(3) Batire ya nickel-metal hydride (Ni-H): imatuluka mwachangu, imagwira ntchito bwino kutentha pang'ono, mtengo wotsika, siiwononga chilengedwe, ndipo ndi batire yobiriwira. Ingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'makina ang'onoang'ono, mankhwalawa ayenera kuvomerezedwa kwambiri. Pali mitundu itatu ya mabatire opanda lead-acid, mabatire wamba a lead-acid ndi mabatire a alkaline nickel-cadmium omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
2. Kulumikiza batri
Mukalumikiza motsatizana, ndikofunikira kuganizira za zotsatira zosalinganika pakati pa mabatire pawokha, ndipo chiwerengero cha magulu ofanana sichiyenera kupitirira magulu anayi. Samalani ndi vuto la batire loletsa kuba panthawi yoyika.